pacman::p_load(ggiraph, plotly,
patchwork, DT, tidyverse) Hands-on_Ex03
Programming Interactive Data Visualisation with R
Getting Started
First, write a code chunk to check, install and launch the R packages. The code chunk below will be used to accomplish the task.
The code chunk below is used to import data file into R
exam_data <- read_csv("data/Exam_data.csv")Rows: 322 Columns: 7
── Column specification ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Delimiter: ","
chr (4): ID, CLASS, GENDER, RACE
dbl (3): ENGLISH, MATHS, SCIENCE
ℹ Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
ℹ Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.
Interactive Data Visualisation - ggiraph methods
ggiraph is an htmlwidget and ggplot2 extension. It allows ggplot graphics to be interactive. Interactive is made with ggplot geometries that can understand three arguments include: Tooltip, Onclick and Data_id
Tooltip effect with tooltip aesthetic
Below shows a typical code chunk to plot an interactive statistical graph by using ggiraph package.
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(tooltip = ID),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 6*0.618
)By hovering the mouse pointer on an data point of interest, the student’s ID will be displayed.
Interactivity
Displaying multiple information on tooltip
The first three lines of codes in the code chunk create a new field called tooltip. At the same time, it populates text in ID and CLASS fields into the newly created field. Next, this newly created field is used as tooltip field as shown in the code of line 7.
exam_data$tooltip <- c(paste0(
"Name = ", exam_data$ID,
"\n Class = ", exam_data$CLASS))
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(tooltip = exam_data$tooltip),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 8,
height_svg = 8*0.618
)By hovering the mouse pointer on an data point of interest, the student’s ID and Class will be displayed.
Customising Tooltip style
Code chunk below uses opts_tooltip() of ggiraph to customize tooltip rendering by add css declarations.
tooltip_css <- "background-color:white; #<<
font-style:bold; color:black;" #<<
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(tooltip = ID),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 6*0.618,
options = list( #<<
opts_tooltip( #<<
css = tooltip_css)) #<<
) Displaying statistics on tooltip
Code chunk below shows an advanced way to customise tooltip. In this example, a function is used to compute 90% confident interval of the mean. The derived statistics are then displayed in the tooltip.
tooltip <- function(y, ymax, accuracy = .01) {
mean <- scales::number(y, accuracy = accuracy)
sem <- scales::number(ymax - y, accuracy = accuracy)
paste("Mean maths scores:", mean, "+/-", sem)
}
gg_point <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = RACE),
) +
stat_summary(aes(y = MATHS,
tooltip = after_stat(
tooltip(y, ymax))),
fun.data = "mean_se",
geom = GeomInteractiveCol,
fill = "light blue"
) +
stat_summary(aes(y = MATHS),
fun.data = mean_se,
geom = "errorbar", width = 0.2, size = 0.2
)Warning: Using `size` aesthetic for lines was deprecated in ggplot2 3.4.0.
ℹ Please use `linewidth` instead.
girafe(ggobj = gg_point,
width_svg = 8,
height_svg = 8*0.618)Hover effect with data_id aesthetic
Code chunk below shows the second interactive feature of ggiraph, namely data_id.
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(data_id = CLASS),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 6*0.618
) Interactivity: Elements associated with a data_id (i.e CLASS) will be highlighted upon mouse over.
Styling hover effect
In the code chunk below, css codes are used to change the highlighting effect.
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(data_id = CLASS),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 6*0.618,
options = list(
opts_hover(css = "fill: #202020;"),
opts_hover_inv(css = "opacity:0.2;")
)
) Interactivity: Elements associated with a data_id (i.e CLASS) will be highlighted upon mouse over.
Combining tooltip and hover effect
There are time that we want to combine tooltip and hover effect on the interactive statistical graph as shown in the code chunk below.
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(tooltip = CLASS,
data_id = CLASS),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 6*0.618,
options = list(
opts_hover(css = "fill: #202020;"),
opts_hover_inv(css = "opacity:0.2;")
)
) Interactivity: Elements associated with a data_id (i.e CLASS) will be highlighted upon mouse over. At the same time, the tooltip will show the CLASS.
Click effect with onclick
onclick argument of ggiraph provides hotlink interactivity on the web.
exam_data$onclick <- sprintf("window.open(\"%s%s\")",
"https://www.moe.gov.sg/schoolfinder?journey=Primary%20school",
as.character(exam_data$ID))
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(onclick = onclick),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(
ggobj = p,
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 6*0.618) Interactivity: Web document link with a data object will be displayed on the web browser upon mouse click.
Coordinated Multiple Views with ggiraph
The code chunk below is used to build a coordinated multiple views. Appropriate interactive functions of ggiraph will be used to create the multiple views. patchwork function of patchwork package will be used inside girafe function to create the interactive coordinated multiple views.
p1 <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(data_id = ID),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
coord_cartesian(xlim=c(0,100)) +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
p2 <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = ENGLISH)) +
geom_dotplot_interactive(
aes(data_id = ID),
stackgroups = TRUE,
binwidth = 1,
method = "histodot") +
coord_cartesian(xlim=c(0,100)) +
scale_y_continuous(NULL,
breaks = NULL)
girafe(code = print(p1 + p2),
width_svg = 6,
height_svg = 3,
options = list(
opts_hover(css = "fill: #202020;"),
opts_hover_inv(css = "opacity:0.2;")
)
) Notice that when a data point of one of the dotplot is selected, the corresponding data point ID on the second data visualisation will be highlighted too.
Interactive Data Visualisation - plotly methods
Creating an interactive scatter plot: plot_ly() method
The tabset below shows an example a basic interactive plot created by using plot_ly().
plot_ly(data = exam_data,
x = ~MATHS,
y = ~ENGLISH)No trace type specified:
Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter
No scatter mode specifed:
Setting the mode to markers
Read more about this attribute -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter-mode
Working with visual variable: plot_ly() method
In the code chunk below, color argument is mapped to a qualitative visual variable
plot_ly(data = exam_data,
x = ~ENGLISH,
y = ~MATHS,
color = ~RACE)No trace type specified:
Based on info supplied, a 'scatter' trace seems appropriate.
Read more about this trace type -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter
No scatter mode specifed:
Setting the mode to markers
Read more about this attribute -> https://plotly.com/r/reference/#scatter-mode
Creating an interactive scatter plot: ggplotly() method
The code chunk below plots an interactive scatter plot by using ggplotly().
p <- ggplot(data=exam_data,
aes(x = MATHS,
y = ENGLISH)) +
geom_point(size=1) +
coord_cartesian(xlim=c(0,100),
ylim=c(0,100))
ggplotly(p)Coordinated Multiple Views with plotly
The creation of a coordinated linked plot by using plotly involves three steps:
highlight_key() of ploty package is used as shared data.
two scatterplots will be created by using ggplot2 functions.
lastly, subplot() of plotly package is used to place them next to each other side-by-side.
d <- highlight_key(exam_data)
p1 <- ggplot(data=d,
aes(x = MATHS,
y = ENGLISH)) +
geom_point(size=1) +
coord_cartesian(xlim=c(0,100),
ylim=c(0,100))
p2 <- ggplot(data=d,
aes(x = MATHS,
y = SCIENCE)) +
geom_point(size=1) +
coord_cartesian(xlim=c(0,100),
ylim=c(0,100))
subplot(ggplotly(p1),
ggplotly(p2))Interactive Data Visualisation - crosstalk methods
Crosstalk is an add-on to the htmlwidgets package. It extends htmlwidgets with a set of classes, functions, and conventions for implementing cross-widget interactions (currently, linked brushing and filtering).
Interactive Data Table: DT package
Data objects in R can be rendered as HTML tables using the JavaScript library ‘DataTables’ (typically via R Markdown or Shiny).
DT::datatable(exam_data, class= "compact")Linked brushing: crosstalk method
Code chunk below is used to implement the coordinated brushing shown above.
d <- highlight_key(exam_data)
p <- ggplot(d,
aes(ENGLISH,
MATHS)) +
geom_point(size=1) +
coord_cartesian(xlim=c(0,100),
ylim=c(0,100))
gg <- highlight(ggplotly(p),
"plotly_selected")
crosstalk::bscols(gg,
DT::datatable(d),
widths = 5) Setting the `off` event (i.e., 'plotly_deselect') to match the `on` event (i.e., 'plotly_selected'). You can change this default via the `highlight()` function.
Programming Animated Statistical Graphics with R
Overview
When telling a visually-driven data story, animated graphics tends to attract the interest of the audience and make deeper impression than static graphics.
Getting Started
Importing the data
Write a code chunk to import Data worksheet from GlobalPopulation Excel workbook by using appropriate R package from tidyverse family.
pacman::p_load(readxl, gifski, gapminder,
plotly, gganimate, tidyverse)col <- c("Country", "Continent")
globalPop <- read_xls("data/GlobalPopulation.xls",
sheet="Data") %>%
mutate(across(col, as.factor)) %>%
mutate(Year = as.integer(Year))Warning: There was 1 warning in `mutate()`.
ℹ In argument: `across(col, as.factor)`.
Caused by warning:
! Using an external vector in selections was deprecated in tidyselect 1.1.0.
ℹ Please use `all_of()` or `any_of()` instead.
# Was:
data %>% select(col)
# Now:
data %>% select(all_of(col))
See <https://tidyselect.r-lib.org/reference/faq-external-vector.html>.
countries <- levels(globalPop$Country)
country_colors <- setNames(rainbow(length(countries)), countries)Animated Data Visualisation: gganimate methods
Building a static population bubble plot
In the code chunk below, the basic ggplot2 functions are used to create a static bubble plot.
ggplot(globalPop, aes(x = Old, y = Young,
size = Population,
colour = Country)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.7,
show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
labs(title = 'Year: {frame_time}',
x = '% Aged',
y = '% Young') 
Building the animated bubble plot
In the code chunk below,
transition_time() of gganimate is used to create transition through distinct states in time (i.e. Year).
ease_aes() is used to control easing of aesthetics. The default is linear. Other methods are: quadratic, cubic, quartic, quintic, sine, circular, exponential, elastic, back, and bounce.
ggplot(globalPop, aes(x = Old, y = Young,
size = Population,
colour = Country)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.7,
show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
labs(title = 'Year: {frame_time}',
x = '% Aged',
y = '% Young') +
transition_time(Year) +
ease_aes('linear') 
Animated Data Visualisation: plotly
Building an animated bubble plot: ggplotly() method
The code chunk below use appropriate ggplot2 functions to create a static bubble plot. The output is then saved as an R object called gg. ggplot() is then used to convert the R graphic object into an animated svg object.
gg <- ggplot(globalPop,
aes(x = Old,
y = Young,
size = Population,
colour = Country)) +
geom_point(aes(size = Population,
frame = Year),
alpha = 0.7,
show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
labs(x = '% Aged',
y = '% Young')Warning in geom_point(aes(size = Population, frame = Year), alpha = 0.7, :
Ignoring unknown aesthetics: frame
ggplotly(gg)Warning in p$x$data[firstFrame] <- p$x$frames[[1]]$data: number of items to
replace is not a multiple of replacement length
Although show.legend = FALSE argument was used, the legend still appears on the plot. To overcome this problem, theme(legend.position=‘none’) should be used as shown in the plot and code chunk below.
gg <- ggplot(globalPop,
aes(x = Old,
y = Young,
size = Population,
colour = Country)) +
geom_point(aes(size = Population,
frame = Year),
alpha = 0.7) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
labs(x = '% Aged',
y = '% Young') +
theme(legend.position='none')Warning in geom_point(aes(size = Population, frame = Year), alpha = 0.7):
Ignoring unknown aesthetics: frame
ggplotly(gg)Warning in p$x$data[firstFrame] <- p$x$frames[[1]]$data: number of items to
replace is not a multiple of replacement length
Building an animated bubble plot: plot_ly() method
bp <- globalPop %>%
plot_ly(x = ~Old,
y = ~Young,
size = ~Population,
color = ~Continent,
sizes = c(2, 100),
frame = ~Year,
text = ~Country,
hoverinfo = "text",
type = 'scatter',
mode = 'markers'
) %>%
layout(showlegend = FALSE)
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